Importância da mobilidade para tetraplégicos e paraplégicos: implementação dos conhecimentos de enfermagem no cuidar multidimensional / Importancia de movilidad para tetrapléjicos y parapléjicos: aplicación delconocimiento en enfermería en el cuidado multidimensional / Importance of mobility for quadriplegics and paraplegics: implementationof nursing knowledge in care multidimensional

Objetivo: realizar uma busca das produções científicas publicadas a respeito da importância dos exercícios físicos na promoção do cuidar multidimensional ao indivíduo paraplégico ou quadriplégico, assim como investigar os conhecimentos da enfermagem sobre o benefício de tais atividades e esclarecer a atuação do enfermeiro na assistência a pessoa paraplégica ou tetraplégica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, BDENF e portal da CAPES, correspondendo aos anos de 2004 a 2014. Resultados: Os pacientes acometidos por lesão medular apresentam déficits de cuidado e autocuidado. Dessa maneira, constatou-se que a prática de exercícios oferece diversos benefícios incluindo os biopsicossociais. Conclusão: Percebe-se que a prática dos exercícios físicos ainda não tem sua efetivação, contudo é importante o conhecimento da enfermagem sobre estes exercícios, bem como benefícios, a fim de nortear os familiares e prestar uma assistência de qualidade.

Objective: to conduct a search of published scientific works about the importance of exercise in promoting multidimensional care for the paraplegic or quadriplegic individual, as well as to investigate the knowledge of nursing about the benefit of such activities and to clarify the role of the nurse in assisting the person paraplegic or quadriplegic. Methods: This is an integrative review, conducted in the databases LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, BDENF e CAPES portal, corresponding to the years from 2004 to 2014. Results: Patients affected by spinal cord injury have deficits of care and self-care. Thus it was found that exercise offers many benefits including biopsychosocial. Conclusion: It was observed that the practice of physical exercise does not yet have effectiveness, however, it is important that nurses know about these benefits to guide the patients’ family members in the provision of quality care.

Objetivo: realizar una búsqueda de trabajos científicos publicados sobre la importancia del ejercicio en la promoción de la atención multidimensional para el individuo parapléjico o tetrapléjico, así como investigar el conocimiento de enfermería sobre el beneficio de tales actividades y aclarar el papel de la enfermera en la asistencia a la persona parapléjicoo tetrapléjico. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora, llevado acabo en las bases de datos de las LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, BDENF y portal CAPES, correspondientes a los años de 2004 a 2014. Resultados: Los pacientes afectados por lesiones de la médula espinal tienen déficit de atención y cuidado de sí mismos. Así, se encontró que el ejercicio ofrece muchos beneficios, incluyendo biopsicosociales. Conclusión: Se observóque la práctica de ejercicio físico aún no ha su eficacia, sin embargo, es importante que las enfermeras saben acerca de estos beneficios para orientar sus familiares y proporcionar una atención de calidad.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a recurrent ischial pressure ulcer: a case report.

Marjolin's ulcer is the malignant transformation of long-standing chronic pressure ulcers and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. A 46-year-old man with an 8-year history of traumatic spinal injury with paraplegia presented with a recurrent ischial pressure ulcer. The initial ulcer, which developed 6 years earlier, was a Stage IV sacral ulcer. The wound was debrided and pathology showed epithelial hyperplasia, acanthosis, hyperkatosis accompanied by mild inflammation, and fibrosis without any malignant transformation. The lesion was covered with a fasciocutaneous bipedicled flap. Four years later, the patient presented with a similar ulcer in the same location. Histology showed the presence of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Following a wide excision, the lesion was covered with a gluteal maximal V-Y musculocutaneous advancement flap. At last follow-up 14 months postoperatively, there was no evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease. Clinicians must be aware of known risk factors for the development of SCC.

Spiritual well-being as predictor of quality of life for adults with paraplegia.

PURPOSE: The promotion of quality of life (QOL) and healthy development across the person's life span can result in long and meaningful lives. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between spiritual well-being (SWB), depression, and QOL for adults with paraplegia. DESIGN: A descriptive correlational design was used for this study. METHODS: A purposive sample of 75 participants completed the Ellison's SWB Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and a QOL scale. FINDINGS: Quality of life was significantly associated with SWB (r = .47, p = .01), and depression (r = -.59, p = .01), 43% of the variance in QOL was explained by age, gender, length of stay, SWB, and depression (F[5,69] = 10.45, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Participants with a strong sense of purpose or meaning in life were more likely to experience a higher QOL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Rehabilitation nurses can help guide patients to the discovery of what brings purpose and meaning to their lives.

In discourse: Bourdieu's theory of practice and habitus in the context of a communication-oriented nursing interaction model.

AIMS: This paper presents a discussion on the potential of the theories of practice and habitus as espoused by the sociologist Bourdieu. BACKGROUND: The interaction between nurses and patients is a constitutive element in the nursing process and a central aspect in the theories developed by Paterson and Zderad, and Orlando. Bourdieu's theory of habitus and practices assists in understanding and explaining differentiated results concerning nurse-patient interaction. DATA SOURCES: In a study on interactions with paraplegic patients, distinguished levels of interactions, which show considerable diversity among one another, could be identified. The data were collected over a period of 20 months in 2004-2006. The results present the central topics of interaction and show that understanding-oriented interaction is rare. DISCUSSION: Communicative acting in nursing always takes place in a social context. In the interaction with patients, nurses assign a higher distinctive value to the standardized concepts of care facilities than to the actually perceived need of care. An understanding-oriented interaction assumes that the nurses with their own contributions, themes and authorities, prove themselves in the eyes of the patient. It is expected from nurses that they habitualize their own concepts so that they can be represented in a convincing manner. CONCLUSION: If an understanding-oriented interaction is to extend into the practice of nursing, it is of crucial importance that both interaction partners assure each other how and with what capital their interaction is to be realized. Nurses need professional habitus to become agents in the social field of health.

Processo clinical caritas aplicado a cliente paraplégico com úlcera por pressão / Clinical caritas process applied to paraplegic client with pressure ulcers

Úlceras por pressão são lesões necróticas, comuns na pele e tecido subcutâneo que recobrem proeminências ósseas. Objetivou-se aplicar caritas processes a paciente paraplégico com úlcera por pressão, analisando o potencial desse processo para alcance de cuidado ético, moral e humano. Estudo de caso, utilizando-se, como instrumentos para coleta de dados entrevista e um formulário relacionado a registro do processo de cuidados de enfermagem. Os dados foram categorizados conforme os dez elementos do clinical caritas. Após 40 dias de cuidados, o cliente obteve alta, redução do risco para infecção e melhora do estado geral. O estudo evidenciou que a abordagem humanística e fenomenológica colabora com o processo de enfermagem e valoriza a relação interpessoal entre o cuidador e o ser cuidado.

[Shaping the interaction between nurses and patients in the rehabilitation process--the example of hospital care for paraplegic persons]. / Gestaltung pflegerischer Interaktion in der Rehabilitation--am Beispiel der Pflege querschnittgelähmter Menschen im Krankenhaus.

This study analyses the interaction between nurses and paraplegic patients. The way how nurses perceived, interpreted and dealt with important themes for patients during the process of care determines the quality of interaction. Based on these findings we developed a model for interaction in the nursing process that is characterised by its orientation towards a mutual understanding. This model enables nurses to systematise nursing negotiation processes, from identifying problems to determining options for interventions to decision-making.

Paraplejia: pasado y futuro del ser / Paraplegia: past and future of self

El propósito del artículo es presentar una síntesis de la literatura publicada entre 1988 y 2008 sobre los cambios en la corporalidad de las personas con paraplejia secundaria a un trauma raquimedular y su relevancia para el cuidado de enfermería. La revisión incluyó 22 estudios cualitativos, 5 cuantitativos y 20 piezas documentales, publicadas por profesionales de la salud y de las ciencias humanas. Los resultados permiten concluir que las secuelas del trauma raquimedular causan dependencia, alteran la imagen corporal, la interacción social, el sentido de coherencia del ser y la corporalidad. Con el tiempo, estas personas, re-conocen su "nuevo cuerpo" y construyen una nueva corporalidad, proceso que aún no ha sido descrito y que se considera fundamental para el cuidado de enfermería, encaminado a ayudar a las personas con este tipo de lesión para lidiar con las dificultades cotidianas (AU)

The purpose of this paper is to present a synthesis of the literature published between 1988 and 2008 about changes in the body and embodiment of people with paraplegia secondary to spinal cord injury and it's relevance to nursing care. The review included 22 qualitative studies, 5 quantitative studies and 20 documental, issued by practitioners of health and human sciences. The results of the synthesis led to the conclusion that the consequences of the spinal injury cause dependence, altered body image, the social interaction, the sense of coherence and the embodiment of people with paraplegia. Over the time, people with paraplegia, acknowledge their "new body" and build a new embodiment, a process that has not yet been described and is considered essential to nursing care aimed at helping people with this type of injury to deal with daily difficulties (AU)

Home aids and personal assistance 10-45 years after spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of home aids, adaptations and personal assistance received after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, Denmark. Uptake area, 2.5 million inhabitants. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional follow-up with retrospective data from medical files. MATERIALS: Individuals with traumatic SCI before 1 January 1991, still in regular follow-up and with sufficient medical record. In all, 279 were included, and 236 answered the questionnaire (193 men and 43 women), with a response rate of 84.6%. Mean age at follow-up was 50.5 years, and mean follow-up time, 24.1 years. One hundred and twenty-six were paraplegic and 110, tetraplegic. Responders and non-responders were comparable. RESULTS: Most common aids or adaptations reported were commode/shower chair on wheels or a seat (69%), grab bar by the toilet (41%), electrical bed (44%), special mattress (28%), lift/hoist (20%), computers (39%) and kitchen tools or cutlery with special handles (14%). In all, 7.6% of the participants reported no aids. Eighty-two percent answered 'Yes' to the question 'Have the aids, you currently or previously needed, been available to you?' The majority reported that their source of information about aid had been various journals and magazines. Twenty-one percent had personal helpers, with 60 h per week in median (range 2-168). Thirty-three percent received domestic help with 2.5 h per week in median (range 0.5-37). Eight percent had a home nurse. A total of 98.7% were living in their own homes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study of a representative SCI population giving information on home aids. Individuals with SCI in Denmark seem to be sufficiently supplied with aids and personal assistance.

Preventive skin care beliefs of people with spinal cord injury.

Although health beliefs have been correlated with self-care adherence in other chronic conditions, little is known about skin care beliefs after spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the skin care beliefs of individuals with SCI. The conceptual framework was the Health Belief Model (HBM), which proposes that adherence to a health regimen is motivated by beliefs about susceptibility, severity, barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 22 people with SCI. Content analysis of data collected using semistructured questions was used to identify domains of skin care beliefs, including HBM components. Themes that emerged about skin care beliefs included taking vigilant care, taking charge, maintaining health, and passing up care. Although most participants believed they were susceptible to pressure ulcers and preventive care was important, paradoxical statements about beliefs and preventive behaviors were common. These incongruent responses may reflect ambivalence about competing priorities or the efficacy of preventive practices. Further research is needed to understand this phenomenon. Increased understanding of skin care beliefs will assist in developing tailored teaching programs for people with SCI.